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·       Metal slotting machines

   A slottinag machine or slotter may be considered as a vertical shaper. The chief difference between a shaper and a slotter is the direction of the cutting action, The machine operates in a manner similar to the shaper, however, the tool moves vertically rather than in a horizontal direction. The job is held stationary.The slotter has a vertical ram and a hand or power operated rotary table . On some machines, the ram may be inclined as much as 10° to either side of the vertical position when cutting inclined surfaces.

·      Metal Planing Machines

    Planing, shaping and slotting machines constitute a class of machine tools in which a cycle of operation is complete by a cutting stroke, followed by a return stroke in which no metal removal takes place, As this latter stroke is non productive, means are provided to effect a rapid reversal to reduce the idle time. Whereas in a slotter, the tool cuts while moving vertically up and down, in shaper and planer the direction of cutting action of the tool is horizontal. The shaper is unsuitable for generating flat surfaces on very large parts because of limitations on the stroke and over hang of the ram.

·       Metal Shaping Machines

 A shaping machine or shaper is used to generate flat (plane) surfaces by means of a single point tool similar to a lathe tool. A shaping machine is a reciprocating type of machine tool in which the ram moves the cutting tool backwards and forwards in a straight line.